AI ALERT

12 February 2008

  
 

Welcome to the AI ALERT, a service from the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, showcasing an eclectic subset from the AI in the news collection in AI TOPICS, the AAAI sponsored pathfinder Web site. As explained in our notices & disclaimers, the AI ALERT is intended to keep you informed of news articles published by third parties. The mere fact that a particular item is selected for inclusion does NOT imply that AAAI or AI TOPICS has verified the information (articles are offered "as is") or that there is endorsement of any kind. And because the excerpt may not reflect the overall tenor of the article, nor contain all of the relevant information, you are encouraged to access the entire article.

The Headlines

The Articles:

January 13, 2008: Don't just stand there, think - New research suggests that we think not just with our brains, but with our bodies. By Drake Bennett. The Boston Globe. "The brain is often envisioned as something like a computer, and the body as its all-purpose tool. But a growing body of new research suggests that something more collaborative is going on - that we think not just with our brains, but with our bodies. ... The term most often used to describe this new model of mind is 'embodied cognition,' and its champions believe it will open up entire new avenues for understanding - and enhancing - the abilities of the human mind. ... The greatest impact, however, has been in the field of neuroscience itself, where embodied cognition threatens age-old distinctions - not only between brain and body, but between perceiving and thinking, thinking and acting, even between reason and instinct - on which the traditional idea of the mind has been built. ... 'If you want to teach a computer to play chess, or if you want to design a search engine, the old model is OK,' says Rolf Pfeifer, director of the artificial intelligence lab at the University of Zurich, 'but if you're interested in understanding real intelligence, you have to deal with the body.' Embodied cognition upends several centuries of thinking about thinking. Rene Descartes, living in an age when steam engines were novelty items, envisioned the brain as a pump that moved 'animating fluid' through the body - head-shrinkers through the ages have tended to enlist the high-tech of their day to describe the human cognitive system - but the mind, Descartes argued, was something else entirely, an incorporeal entity that interacted with the body through the pineal gland. ... After the development of the modern computer in the years after World War II, a new version of the same model was adopted, with the brain as a computer and the mind as the software that ran on it. In the 1980s, however, a group of scholars began to contest this approach. Fueled in part by broad disappointment with artificial-intelligence research, they argued that human beings don't really process information the way computers do, by manipulating abstract symbols using formal rules."
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January 14, 2008: Big Brother Really Is Watching - Homeland Security is bankrolling futuristic profiling technology to nab terrorists before they strike. By Robert L. Mitchell. Computerworld. "As soon as you walk into the airport, the machines are watching. Are you a tourist -- or a terrorist posing as one? As you answer a few questions at the security checkpoint, the systems begin sizing you up. An array of sensors -- video, audio, laser, infrared -- feeds a stream of real-time data about you to a computer that uses specially developed algorithms to spot suspicious people. The system interprets your gestures and facial expressions, analyzes your voice and virtually probes your body to determine your temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and other physiological characteristics -- all in an effort to determine whether you are trying to deceive. Fail the test, and you'll be pulled aside for a more aggressive interrogation and searches. That scenario may sound like science fiction, but the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is deadly serous about making it a reality. ... Assuming that the system gets off the ground, Project Hostile Intent also faces challenges from privacy advocates."
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January 17, 2008: AI news reader brings academia to the real world. iTnews Australia. "When he found himself staring at a screenful of irrelevant headlines in search of the few news stories of interest, Artificial Intelligence enthusiast Alex North decided that it was time to delegate the task to a machine. Thus was born tiinker, which was launched this week by North's start-up company, Deep Grey Labs, as an intelligent news aggregator that learns the interests of individual users and selects stories tailored to each individual. ... For the past year, tiinker has been a full-time venture for Sushkov and North, who are both recent graduates of the school of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales. The intelligent news aggregator was one of three ideas that the pair thought up, with the aim of applying their academic knowledge in a real world product. 'There are a number of machine learning and AI [Artificial Intelligence] techniques in the backend, tuned and combined in a way we believe to be unique,' North said. 'Our studies in AI at uni were a good preparation for developing this - we knew what to try first and how to make it work well.'"

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January 18, 2008: EC eases translation process. By Chris Galea. DI-VE. "As part of its efforts to foster multilingualism, the European Commission has published a collection of about 1 million sentences and their translations in 22 of the 23 official languages of the EU, including Maltese. ... This kind of data is highly sought after by developers of machine translation systems in which automatic translation software 'learns' from manually translated texts how words and phrases are correctly and contextually translated. The data can also help the development of other linguistic software tools such as grammar and spell checkers, online dictionaries and multilingual text classification systems. Such tools are also being researched and developed in Malta thanks to a concerted effort between the University of Malta's Department of Artificial Intelligence and the Institute of Linguistics."

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January 18, 2008: Smart Sticky Notes Organize Themselves. By Tracy Staedter. Discovery News. "Now researchers have developed electronic sticky notes, called Quickies, that can be searched for digitally and can send reminders and messages via e-mail or a mobile device. ... They look similar to Post-It notes but combine artificial intelligence, natural language processing, ink recognition technologies, and radio frequency identification tags into a modern version of the reliable analog. ... [Pattie] Maes and [Pranav] Mistry are currently working with some large industry sponsors that have expressed interest, and think the technology could find its way to market in two to five years."
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January 22, 2008: Life after Google, with millions. By Stefanie Olsen. CNET News.com. "What would you do if you were flush with $10 million or $100 million? Would you retire, go to work every day at the company that made you rich, or chase other dreams? That's the multimillion-dollar question for hundreds of early Googlers ... Georges Harik, one of Google's first 10 engineers, former director of new products, now investor and founder of a nonprofit artificial intelligence lab ... Like some of his peers, Harik is investing in small companies.... Harkening back to his college studies of mathematical models of genetic algorithms, he's also opening a yet-to-be-named research lab in Palo Alto to develop artificial-intelligence software for the fields of biotech and medicine. He plans to invest about $100,000 in the lab this year. 'The largest intelligence system at Google is in AdSense and the Gmail spam system, but I've always really wanted to see our work applied to medicine and biology, which is sort of hard to do at a company,' said Harik, adding that the software will be open-source with access to the entire medical community. The nonprofit is partially funded by Google, Harik said. ... Scott Hassan, early Google architect, now robotics advocate ... [T]he mission is to make Willow Garage a hub for robotics development in the areas of personal assistants, autonomous boats, and driverless cars--with the hopes of attracting talent and partnerships across the country. The company is collaborating with Stanford in the robotics field, having donated $850,000 to its computer science lab. With Hassan's fortune, Willow Garage has plenty of time to develop new markets for robots."
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January 23, 2008: Breaking through the silicon ceiling. By Asher Moses. The Sydney Morning Herald. "In the sea of blokey middle-aged males who typically dominate the ranks of Australian technology companies, a small group of enterprising women have built multi-million dollar IT businesses - and they're hell bent on turning the gender tides. ... [Liesl] Capper, who built and sold a multi-national education franchise before starting her first technology company, said women should break free of their traditional stomping grounds - education, health, cosmetics and fashion - and give the IT industry a chance. She is now CEO of MyCybertwin, a startup allowing individuals and businesses to create artificial intelligence online identities capable of talking to clients on their behalf. Companies including publishing house Consolidated Media Holdings, formerly known as PBL, are adopting the technology as a cheaper way to provide 24/7 live customer support via their websites. ... According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, only 1 per cent of total employed women in the population work in the Information & Communications Technology (ICT) industry. But [Danielle] Lehrer said she had noticed more and more women entering the industry and studying computer sciences, which she said was changing the perception of what working in IT is like."
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January 24, 2008: Machine Peels Brain, So Scientists Can Map Synapses. Sidebar feature accompanying "Mapping the Most Complex Structure in the Universe: Your Brain," both written by Alexis Madrigal. Wired News. "It slices, it dices and it heralds the arrival of a new era of neuroscience that focuses on industrializing the process of mapping the brain. It's a neuroscience gadget called the automatic tape-collecting lathe ultramicrotome (ATLUM), and the name says it all. ... 'If our computers could automatically identify the synapses in the images, and trace axons and dendrites to their parent neurons, then they would be able to generate brain-wiring diagrams,' said Sebastian Seung, a computational neuroscience professor at MIT. 'Although we have made progress, we are still far from making computers "smart" enough to do this reliably. This is a challenge at the frontier of computer science and artificial intelligence.'"
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January 25, 2008: Battlefields will be big test for 'seeing' robot - In the next 18 months, the US is likely to deploy a potentially breakthrough robot-vision system in Iraq and Afghanistan. By Tom A. Peter. The Christian Science Monitor. "The battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan are likely to provide the first test for a potential breakthrough in robotics: the ability to 'see' well enough and quickly enough to move through unknown terrain without human help. The US military plans to use the technology – three-dimensional flash laser radar (LADAR) – to remove bombs and search for casualties in chemically contaminated areas without giving up human control. Eventually, however, self-navigating LADAR could show up on Hollywood movie sets to enable special effects – or in your car to prevent collisions with pedestrians. ... 'It's one of the holy grails of robotics to be able to do that,' says William Thomasmeyer, president of the Pittsburgh-based National Center for Defense Robotics, a federally funded consortium of companies, universities, and government labs."
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January 26, 2008: Sports, technology and the meaning of 'human' - The 'future' depicted in science fiction is upon us now: Should we improve ourselves to the point of being 'post-human'? By Peter McKnight. The Vancouver Sun. "Indeed, the emergence of enhancement technologies -- including, but not limited to nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science, referred to collectively as NBIC -- raises questions about the extent to which we should employ science to improve the human condition. To be sure, we have always used technology to allow us to live longer and better lives, but with the rapid progress of science, it's possible that we will soon develop technologies that allow us, not just to run faster or see farther, but to change our very physical and psychological essence -- to become, as it were, 'post-human.' ... Indeed, a brief look at the annals of science fiction reveals the intense concern with the consequences of trans-humanism, from the development of intelligent machines that could wipe out humanity (the Terminator movies series), to the creation of a multi-tiered society, with genetically enhanced 'humans' at the top (Gattaca), or with genetically engineered 'humans' at the bottom (Blade Runner). Given philosophical uncertainty about the possibility of artificial intelligence, the former concern is not as urgent as the latter.
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January 27, 2008: The Coming Wave of Gadgets That Listen and Obey. By Michael Fitzgerald. The New York Times. "Innovation usually needs time to steep. Time to turn the idea into something tangible, time to get it to market, time for people to decide they accept it. Speech recognition technology has steeped for a long time: Mike Phillips remembers that in the 1980s, when he was a Carnegie Mellon graduate student trying to develop rudimentary speech recognition systems, 'it seemed almost impossible.' Now, devices that incorporate speech recognition are starting to hit the mass market, thanks to entrepreneurs like Mr. Phillips. ... Over all, speech recognition was a $1.6 billion market in 2007, according to Opus Research, which predicts an annual growth rate of 14.5 percent over the next three years. ... James R. Glass, a principal research scientist at the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at M.I.T., says speech technology 'is going to end up everywhere speech can be useful.' He says machines will keep improving their ability to recognize the way humans naturally talk, even if they have strong accents, and that the technology will find myriad new uses."
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January 30, 2008: Could AI speed VA claims? By Rick Maze. Army Times. "A House subcommittee that is considering the use of artificial intelligence to speed the processing of veterans’ disability claims heard compelling evidence Tuesday about the problems facing veterans and their families trying to receive earned benefits. ... Kim Graves, VA’s director of the office of business process integration, said the department 'has made significant strides in the use of information technology to improve claims processing in all of our benefit programs.'... [Rep. John Hall of New York] and [Rep. Doug Lamborn of Colorado], however, are talking about an even more sophisticated system in which computers would read key elements of a claim and determine whether VA should approve it. Hall said this is not exotic; artificial intelligence is already being used in banking and medicine to make or assist with decisions."

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January 30, 2008: In the South Bronx, Robotics and Rebirth. By Samuel G. Freedman. The New York Times. "By now, two years later, Abdoulie [Lemon] is a veteran of the [robotics] team. Last year, he traveled with the Ridder Kids, as their matching T-shirts proclaim them, to a national Lego robotics championship in Atlanta. At the end of this April, the squad plans to go to Japan to participate in an exhibition. In the process, Abdoulie has solved the mystery of himself: How could a boy smart enough to disassemble and reassemble the family television be messing up so badly in school? The answer: Nobody at school had noticed that talent until the Ridder Kids encouraged Abdoulie to fit together every intricate part of a robot. For the first time, he felt success and approval. ... One of Ms. [Claralee] Irobunda’s colleagues at Morris was Gary Israel, a social studies teacher and would-be engineer who discovered competitive robotics in the late 1990s. It reminded him of the two extracurricular passions -- tennis and clarinet -- that animated his own school years at George Washington High in Manhattan. 'It’s the hands-on that’s so important,' he said the other day. 'When kids are in classrooms all day, they need outlets. They need more than academics. Robotics can be like the old shop class.' Both before and after retiring from Morris in June 2005, Mr. Israel has introduced almost 60 schools in the Bronx to robotics. ... For many of the Ridder Kids, the involvement in robotics has transformed their attitude about school. It has given education purpose and utility, something no standardized test can supply."
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January 31, 2008: Rubik's champ canes bot. By Sebastian Lander. The Sun. "This is the moment man squared up to machine over a Rubik’s Cube - and won. Dan Harris - who holds the UK title for unscrambling a Rubik's Cube in 10.59 seconds - took on the 'Cubinator' yesterday in a competition to see who could solve the colourful conundrum first. Clever RuBot 2 - designed by boffin Pete Redmond - scans all six sides of the cube with two eye webcams and uses artificial intelligence...."

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January 31, 2008: Stretching the Truth Just Became Easier (and Cheaper). By Peter Wayner. The New York Times. "Mr. [Carlo] Baldassi may not have an official title of an artist -- he studies computational neuroscience at the Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation in Turin, Italy. But he could fix the problem with some automatic photo-editing software he was writing with several friends. With one click, the tool stretched the uninteresting parts of the landscape -- the water and the hills -- while leaving the face of his girlfriend just as it was. The result was, he thought, more open and panoramic. 'Reality is a lie,' said Mr. Baldassi. Automated tools like Mr. Baldassi’s are changing the editing of photography by making it possible for anyone to tweak a picture, delete unwanted items or even combine the best aspects of several similar pictures into one. ... There are also tools that require a little more skill. VectorMagic from Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, available at vectormagic.stanford.edu, is a free experimental tool that will reconstruct a digital image using lines rather than pixels, a process called vectorization. ... [Michael F. Cohen] and researchers at Microsoft built a tool called Group Shot, which can be found at research.microsoft.com/projects/GroupShot. The tool lets users identify the best parts of a sequence of pictures and merge them. It can correct for small changes caused by movement or changes in the lighting."
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February 2008 [issue date]: Two AI Pioneers. Two Bizarre Suicides. What Really Happened? By David Kushner. Wired (Issue 16.02). "[Pushpinder 'Push'] Singh quickly established himself as Minsky's protégé. In 1996, he wrote a widely read paper titled 'Why AI Failed,' which rejected a piecemeal approach to research: 'To solve the hard problems in AI -- natural language understanding, general vision, completely trustworthy speech and handwriting recognition -- we need systems with commonsense knowledge and flexible ways to use it. The trouble is that building such systems amounts to "solving AI." This notion is difficult to accept, but it seems that we have no choice but to face it head on.' ... While Singh was climbing the academic ladder at MIT, [Chris] McKinstry was trying to put his life back together after spending two and a half months in jail. But the suicidal standoff had given him a new sense of purpose. He liked to think that the police robot had deliberately misfired its tear gas canisters in an effort to save him 'Maybe robots do have feelings,' he later mused. By 1992, McKinstry had enrolled at the University of Winnipeg and immersed himself in the study of artificial intelligence. ... In September 2000, two months after McKinstry launched Mindpixel, Singh posted a message on the rec.arts.books newsgroup to announce Open Mind Common Sense. 'We have recently started a project here at MIT to try to build a computer with the basic intelligence of a person,' it read. 'This repository of knowledge will enable us to create more intelligent and sociable software, build human-like robots, and better understand the structure of our own minds. We invite you all to come visit our project web page, and teach our computer some of the things all us humans know about the world, but that no computer knows!' ... McKinstry's mind turned often to Singh. They had so much in common: Two young researchers obsessed with simulating common sense. Both Canadian. Both Net-savvy. ... McKinstry's hopes for a partnership with the MIT project were soon dashed. ... McKinstry didn't let it go. ... Many say the greatest tragedy is that neither young man lived long enough to see his work bear fruit."

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February 2, 2008: Gizmo. New Scientist (Issue 2641: page 21). "Ever wondered what it would be like to listen to God answering any question you ask? Now you can simulate the experience with godsbot (www.godsbot.org), a chatbot that gives spoken answers to typed questions on religion, philosophy and science."
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February 4, 2008 [publication date]: Crunch time for neural nets - After years of obscurity, researchers say neural networks are ready to predict trends in population health. By David Perera. Government Health IT. "Steven Walczak is not an M.D. He earned a doctorate in artificial intelligence from the University of Florida in 1990 and is now an associate professor at the University of Colorado at Denver’s Business School. But he has spent a good deal of his career searching for how the disciplines of computing, economics and medicine can best work together to solve big health care problems. Because of advances in computing power, statistical methods and data gathering, it’s now possible to mine huge datasets to discern patterns that can be used to make reasonable predictions about health care costs, outcomes and even treatment effectiveness, Walczak said. He is a proponent of artificial neural networks (ANNs)...."
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February 4, 2008: Music maestro! - Bringing out the conductor in you. ICT Results. "A new European research project is looking at ways of harnessing technological advances to make musical education more accessible and enhance teaching practices. ... 'One of the areas we are looking at is gesture analysis,' says project coordinator Dr Kia Ng. 'The "i-Maestro 3D Augmented Mirror" we developed uses motion-capture technology to provide interactive feedback to the musician on their bowing technique and posture, which can greatly affect the quality of sound produced.' ... The ‘score follower’, for example, is able to ‘listen’ to the player and track his/her location within the score, allowing functions such as automated page turning, or simply following the score of a piece of music as it is being played. Taking it a stage further, the ‘score follower’ could allow functions like musical accompaniment, where a backing track can be synchronised to the musician’s performance. 'Learning and playing with others is a key part of musical education,' notes Ng. “However, access to this kind of experience may be limited. The technologies we are developing, such as the cooperative environment, could help make it much more accessible – at least in virtual terms. ... As a further tool for teachers, the ‘exercise generator’ will support the (semi-) automated creation of exercises."
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February 5, 2008: Joshua Lederberg, 82, a Nobel Winner, Dies. By William J. Broad. The New York Times / also available from the International Herald Tribune: Joshua Lederberg, 82, pioneer in bacteria science. "In 1959, he joined the Stanford School of Medicine, where he was chairman of the department of genetics and was a professor of biology and computer science, working on research in artificial intelligence, biochemistry and medicine. ... From 1966 to 1971, Dr. Lederberg wrote a weekly column for The Washington Post, commenting on science education, scientists’ role in society and divisive topics like population control, intelligence testing and regulating recombinant DNA technology. In a 1968 column, he accused policy makers of 'blindness to the pace of biological advance and its accessibility to the most perilous genocidal experimentation.' In 1972, at Washington’s urging, most nations renounced germ warfare as immoral and repugnant. Something of a wordsmith, Dr. Lederberg coined the term exobiology, or the study of the possibility of alien life. He collaborated with the astronomer Carl Sagan in establishing exobiology as a scientific discipline and in educating the public on the biological implications of space exploration."

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February 5, 2008: NASA calls for ambitious outer solar system mission. By David Shiga. NewScientist.com news. "NASA is planning a major new mission to the outer solar system, along with three new robotic missions to the Moon, and two new Earth science missions, according to its 2009 budget request. ... On the downside, NASA is largely shutting down its New Millenium programme starting in 2009. The programme, which received $26 million in 2008, was tasked to prove cutting-edge technologies for space missions, such as the ion engines used on the Dawn spacecraft, and artificial intelligence software used on the Mars rovers."
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February 7, 2008: Computational science: A hard statistical view. A "News and Views" contribution by Bart Selman. Nature 451: 639-640. "The sheer number of variables and logical conditions makes some computing problems seem intractable. Statistical physics, normally used to study huge groups of interacting particles, can supply powerful tools to crack them. As computer hardware and software become ever more sophisticated, we are shifting from a setting in which computers merely assist us in processing information with the aid of well-understood algorithms, to a landscape in which computers themselves make decisions and are in full control of a given situation. An example is the Pentagon-sponsored 'Darpa Urban Challenge' [fn], in which standard consumer vehicles are equipped with sensors such as laser range-finders, cameras and global positioning systems."
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February 7, 2008: Apple co-founder Wozniak says the day is far away when robots can do entire tasks on their own - Limits to creativity. By Purva Patel. Houston Chronicle. "Steve Wozniak has given up on artificial intelligence. 'What is intelligence?' Apple's co-founder asked an audience of about 550 Thursday at the Houston area's first Up Experience conference in Stafford. His answer? A robot that could get him a cup of coffee. ... It would have to negotiate the home, identify the coffee machine and know how it works, he noted. But that is not something a machine is capable of learning -- at least not in his lifetime, added Wozniak, who rolled onto the stage on his ever-present Segway before delivering a rapid-fire speech on robotics, his vision of robots in classrooms and the long haul ahead for artificial intelligence. ... Earlier in the day, [Ray] Kurzweil predicted it wouldn't be long before computer intelligence surpassed human intelligence. ... Despite his pessimism, [Wozniak would] like to see computers -- or humanlike robots -- be built that could talk to and inspire students and sense a student's tone and facial expressions, respond accordingly and teach at the student's learning pace."
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February 11, 2008: Commission adopts code of conduct for responsible nano research. CORDIS News. "The European Commission has adopted a code of conduct for responsible research in the relatively new fields of nanosciences and nanotechnologies (N&N). Although Europe is at the vanguard of this promising field of science, many knowledge gaps remain in relation to the impact of these technologies on human health and the environment. Concerns over ethics and the respect of fundamental rights are also linked to N&N. For these reasons, the Commission has drawn up a voluntary code that covers seven general principles.... 'The first generation of nanotechnology applications and products is here. Second-generation uses - in electronics, sensors, targeted drugs and active nanostructures - are emerging,' said David Rejeski, director of the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. 'But capabilities of these early nanotechnology products pale in comparison to third- and fourth-generation applications in areas such as robotics, multiscale chemical and bio-assembly and supramolecular structures.'"
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February 11, 2008: DARPA advances artificial intelligence program for air traffic control. Air Traffic Control Association (ATCA) News. "The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has approved the second phase of artificial intelligence technology that will help automate military air traffic control. The Generalized Integrated Learning Architecture (GILA) system, developed by Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Laboratories under a $22 million, 48-month contract, is intended to help the Air Force in particular keep airspace operating safely with increased air traffic and the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other airborne weapons. ... DARPA says the artificial intelligence software will learn by assembling knowledge from different sources-including generating knowledge by reasoning."
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February 12, 2008: Scientists are developing robot rats. United Press International (UPI). "A group of Israeli, European and U.S. robotics and brain researchers are developing robotic 'rats' that can aid during rescue missions. ... 'The use of touch in the design of artificial intelligence systems has been largely overlooked, until now,' said Professor Ehud Ahissar of the Weizmann Institute of Science and one of the researchers."

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