TRUSTS: Scheduling Randomized Patrols for Fare Inspection in Transit Systems Using Game Theory

Authors

  • Zhengyu Yin University of Southern California
  • Albert Xin Jiang University of Southern California
  • Milind Tambe University of Southern California
  • Christopher Kiekintveld University of Texas at El Paso
  • Kevin Leyton-Brown University of British Columbia
  • Tuomas Sandholm Carnegie Mellon University
  • John P. Sullivan Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v33i4.2432

Abstract

In proof-of-payment transit systems, passengers are legally required to purchase tickets before entering but are not physically forced to do so. Instead, patrol units move about the transit system, inspecting the tickets of passengers, who face fines if caught fare evading. The deterrence of fare evasion depends on the unpredictability and effectiveness of the patrols. In this paper, we present TRUSTS, an application for scheduling randomized patrols for fare inspection in transit systems. TRUSTS models the problem of computing patrol strategies as a leader-follower Stackelberg game where the objective is to deter fare evasion and hence maximize revenue. This problem differs from previously studied Stackelberg settings in that the leader strategies must satisfy massive temporal and spatial constraints; moreover, unlike in these counterterrorism-motivated Stackelberg applications, a large fraction of the ridership might realistically consider fare evasion, and so the number of followers is potentially huge. A third key novelty in our work is deliberate simplification of leader strategies to make patrols easier to be executed. We present an efficient algorithm for computing such patrol strategies and present experimental results using real-world ridership data from the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s department is currently carrying out trials of TRUSTS.

Downloads

Published

2012-12-21

How to Cite

Yin, Z., Jiang, A. X., Tambe, M., Kiekintveld, C., Leyton-Brown, K., Sandholm, T., & Sullivan, J. P. (2012). TRUSTS: Scheduling Randomized Patrols for Fare Inspection in Transit Systems Using Game Theory. AI Magazine, 33(4), 59. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v33i4.2432

Issue

Section

Articles